Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC), established in 1945, holds primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Currently, its composition reflects the geopolitical realities of the post-World War II era, leading to calls for reform. India has been a long-standing advocate for the expansion of the UNSC, particularly seeking a permanent seat. This aspiration stems from a confluence of factors, encompassing India’s growing economic and political stature, its historical commitment to multilateralism, and its desire to contribute more effectively to global peace and security. India’s claim is not merely about prestige, but about ensuring a more representative and effective global governance structure.
Objectives of India Seeking Permanent Seat in the Security Council
India’s pursuit of a permanent seat in the UNSC is driven by a complex set of objectives, broadly categorized into national interests, global leadership aspirations, and the need for UNSC reform.
1. National Interests & Enhanced Security
- Enhanced National Security: A permanent seat would provide India with a stronger voice in addressing global security challenges that directly impact its interests, such as terrorism, maritime security, and regional conflicts.
- Greater Influence in Global Decision-Making: It would allow India to shape the international agenda and contribute to the formulation of norms and standards on critical issues.
- Economic Benefits: Increased influence can translate into favorable conditions for trade, investment, and access to resources.
- Recognition of Rising Power: A permanent seat acknowledges India’s economic growth, military strength, and demographic weight, solidifying its position as a major global power.
2. Global Leadership & Responsibility
- Commitment to Multilateralism: India has consistently supported the UN and its principles since its inception. It has actively participated in UN peacekeeping operations, contributing over 200,000 troops to 49 missions across 23 countries (as of 2023 knowledge cutoff).
- Champion of the Global South: India can represent the interests of developing countries and advocate for a more equitable international order.
- Addressing Global Challenges: India is actively involved in addressing global challenges like climate change, poverty, and pandemics, and a permanent seat would amplify its voice in these areas. India’s leadership in the International Solar Alliance (ISA) exemplifies this.
- Counter-Terrorism Efforts: India has been a vocal advocate for a comprehensive convention on international terrorism and can play a crucial role in strengthening global counter-terrorism efforts.
3. Reform of the UNSC & Increased Legitimacy
- Addressing the Democratic Deficit: The current UNSC composition is seen as unrepresentative of the world’s population and geopolitical realities. India argues for a more inclusive and democratic UNSC.
- Improving Effectiveness: A reformed UNSC with greater representation would be more effective in addressing contemporary security challenges.
- Geopolitical Balance: India’s inclusion would help balance the representation of different regions and perspectives within the UNSC.
- Normative Argument: India’s democratic values, commitment to rule of law, and peaceful foreign policy make it a strong candidate for a permanent seat.
India’s bid is supported by several countries, including the ‘G4’ nations (Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan) who advocate for UNSC reform. However, opposition from countries like China, who hold veto power, remains a significant hurdle.
| Factor | Impact on India | Impact on UNSC |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Growth | Strengthens India’s claim as a major power | Brings a significant economic voice to the Council |
| Peacekeeping Contributions | Demonstrates India’s commitment to global peace | Provides valuable experience and perspective |
| Geopolitical Position | Allows India to represent regional interests | Increases the Council’s geographical representation |
Conclusion
India’s quest for a permanent seat in the UNSC is not merely a matter of national prestige but a reflection of its growing role and responsibility in the international system. Achieving this goal would not only enhance India’s security and influence but also contribute to a more representative, effective, and legitimate United Nations. Overcoming the existing roadblocks, particularly the veto power dynamics, requires sustained diplomatic efforts and a broader consensus on UNSC reform. A reformed UNSC, inclusive of India, is crucial for addressing the complex challenges facing the world today and ensuring a more peaceful and prosperous future.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.