Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Organic farming, defined as an agricultural system that relies on ecological principles such as biodiversity, soil health, and natural pest control, is gaining prominence globally. In India, where agriculture contributes significantly to the GDP and employs a large portion of the population, the shift towards organic farming is crucial. The Green Revolution, while increasing food production, led to overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in soil degradation, water pollution, and health hazards. Encouraging organic farming is therefore not merely an agricultural reform, but a necessity for sustainable development and long-term food security.
Economic Benefits
Organic farming can enhance farm income through premium pricing for organic produce. Demand for organic food is rising both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, it reduces the cost of external inputs like fertilizers and pesticides, although initial yields might be lower.
- Reduced Input Costs: Farmers save on expensive chemical inputs.
- Premium Prices: Organic products fetch higher prices in the market.
- Export Potential: India has a growing export market for organic products.
Environmental Benefits
The environmental advantages of organic farming are substantial. It promotes biodiversity, improves soil health, conserves water, and reduces pollution.
- Soil Health: Organic practices like composting and crop rotation improve soil structure, fertility, and water-holding capacity.
- Water Conservation: Healthy soil retains more water, reducing the need for irrigation.
- Biodiversity: Organic farms support a wider range of plant and animal life.
- Reduced Pollution: Eliminates the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, minimizing water and air pollution.
Social Benefits
Organic farming contributes to improved rural livelihoods and public health.
- Healthier Food: Organic food is free from harmful chemical residues, promoting better public health.
- Rural Employment: Organic farming is often more labor-intensive, creating employment opportunities in rural areas.
- Reduced Health Risks: Farmers are less exposed to harmful chemicals.
Government Initiatives & Challenges
The Indian government has launched several initiatives to promote organic farming, but challenges remain.
| Scheme/Initiative | Description |
|---|---|
| Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) (2015) | Promotes organic farming through cluster and value chain development. |
| National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) (2000) | Establishes standards for organic production and certification. |
| Mission Organic Value Chain Development (MOVCD) (2020) | Focuses on developing organic value chains, post-harvest infrastructure, and marketing. |
Challenges:
- Lower Initial Yields: Transitioning to organic farming can result in temporary yield reductions.
- Lack of Awareness: Many farmers are unaware of the benefits and practices of organic farming.
- Certification Costs: Obtaining organic certification can be expensive for small farmers.
- Marketing Infrastructure: Adequate marketing infrastructure for organic produce is lacking in many areas.
Conclusion
Encouraging organic farming in India is vital for achieving sustainable agriculture, protecting the environment, and improving the health and livelihoods of farmers. While challenges exist, government support through schemes like PKVY and MOVCD, coupled with increased awareness and investment in infrastructure, can accelerate the transition towards a more organic and resilient agricultural system. A holistic approach that integrates organic farming with other sustainable practices is crucial for ensuring long-term food security and environmental sustainability.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.