Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Parliamentary committees are integral to the functioning of a robust legislature, particularly in a country like India with its vast legislative agenda and diverse population. These committees act as ‘mini-parliaments’, providing a platform for in-depth examination of bills, policies, and government expenditure. They allow for specialized scrutiny beyond the capacity of the full Parliament, fostering informed decision-making. The Estimates Committee, one of the most important standing committees, plays a crucial role in ensuring financial accountability and efficiency in government spending.
The Utility of Parliamentary Committees
Parliamentary committees are considered useful for parliamentary work for several reasons:
- Detailed Scrutiny: Committees allow for a more detailed and focused examination of legislation and policy than is possible on the floor of the House.
- Expertise & Specialization: Members often develop expertise in specific areas, leading to more informed recommendations.
- Reduced Burden on Parliament: Committees filter and pre-screen legislation, reducing the workload of the full Parliament.
- Increased Participation: They provide opportunities for backbenchers and members from smaller parties to actively participate in the legislative process.
- Accountability & Transparency: Committee proceedings and reports enhance accountability and transparency in governance.
The Role of the Estimates Committee
The Estimates Committee is a permanent committee constituted by the Lok Sabha (and mirrored in Rajya Sabha). It is considered one of the most powerful committees due to its wide-ranging mandate.
Composition & Selection
The committee consists of 30 members of the Lok Sabha, elected annually by the Protem Speaker. Members are nominated from all parties in proportion to their strength in the House. The Chairman is appointed by the Speaker.
Functions of the Estimates Committee
- Scrutiny of Estimates: The primary function is to report on the estimates presented with the Demand for Grants. This involves examining the policy underlying the estimates and suggesting improvements.
- Economy in Expenditure: The committee scrutinizes expenditure to ensure it is efficient and economical.
- Public Interest: It can suggest alternative policies to achieve better results in the public interest.
- Reporting to Parliament: The committee submits its reports to the Speaker, who then presents them to the Lok Sabha.
Impact & Significance
The Estimates Committee’s reports have often led to significant improvements in government expenditure and policy. For example, in 2018, the committee’s report on the National Health Mission highlighted deficiencies in fund utilization and recommended measures to improve healthcare delivery. Its recommendations are not binding, but the government usually accepts a significant proportion of them, demonstrating the committee’s influence.
Distinction from other Committees: Unlike the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) which examines the expenditure *after* it has been incurred, the Estimates Committee examines the expenditure *before* it is incurred, making it a proactive body focused on preventing wasteful spending.
| Committee | Focus | Timing of Scrutiny |
|---|---|---|
| Estimates Committee | Policy underlying estimates & Economy | Before Expenditure |
| Public Accounts Committee | Expenditure incurred | After Expenditure |
| Committee on Petitions | Public Grievances | Ongoing |
Conclusion
Parliamentary committees, and particularly the Estimates Committee, are vital for effective parliamentary functioning. They enhance the quality of legislation, promote financial accountability, and provide a platform for informed debate. Strengthening these committees through adequate resources, independent research support, and timely consideration of their reports is crucial for good governance and ensuring that public funds are used efficiently and effectively. Their continued relevance lies in their ability to bridge the gap between policy formulation and implementation, ultimately serving the interests of the citizens.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.