Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC), established in 1945, is tasked with maintaining international peace and security. However, its composition, reflecting the post-World War II power dynamics, has been a subject of debate for decades. The UNSC comprises 15 members: five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) with veto power, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms. India, as a responsible nuclear power, a major economy, and the world’s largest democracy, has been a long-standing advocate for the reform of the UNSC and a permanent seat for itself. This aspiration stems from a belief that the current structure is inadequate to address contemporary global challenges and lacks adequate representation of the Global South.
Reasons Supporting India’s Claim
India’s claim for a permanent seat in the UNSC is underpinned by several compelling factors:
- Historical Contribution: India was a founding member of the UN and has consistently contributed to UN peacekeeping operations. It has participated in more peacekeeping missions than any other country, deploying over 200,000 troops.
- Economic Strength: India is the world’s fifth-largest economy (nominal GDP) and is projected to become the third-largest by 2030 (IMF, 2023 – knowledge cutoff). Its economic growth and increasing global trade influence make it a significant stakeholder in global affairs.
- Geopolitical Influence: India’s strategic location in the Indo-Pacific region and its growing military capabilities give it significant geopolitical influence. It plays a crucial role in regional stability and counter-terrorism efforts.
- Commitment to Multilateralism: India has consistently championed multilateralism and international cooperation. It actively participates in various international forums and initiatives, demonstrating its commitment to a rules-based international order.
- Representation of the Global South: The UNSC lacks adequate representation of developing nations, particularly from Asia and Africa. India, as a voice of over 1.4 billion people, can effectively represent the concerns and interests of the Global South.
- Responsible Nuclear Power: India has a strong non-proliferation record and a credible nuclear deterrent, demonstrating its commitment to responsible nuclear stewardship.
Counterarguments and Responses
Despite the strong case for India’s inclusion, certain counterarguments are often raised:
- China’s Opposition: China, a permanent member, has historically been reluctant to support India’s bid, citing concerns about regional rivalry and India’s growing influence. Response: India can leverage support from other P5 members (France, Russia, UK, and US) and build a broader coalition to overcome China’s opposition.
- Concerns about Veto Power: Some argue that granting India veto power could further complicate decision-making within the UNSC. Response: Discussions on reforming the veto power itself are ongoing. India has expressed willingness to consider alternative mechanisms for decision-making.
- Internal Challenges: India faces internal challenges such as poverty, inequality, and social divisions, which some argue may hinder its ability to effectively contribute to global peace and security. Response: India’s democratic institutions and robust civil society provide mechanisms for addressing these challenges. Its economic growth and social progress demonstrate its commitment to improving the lives of its citizens.
The G4 Nations
India is a leading member of the G4 nations (Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan) which mutually support each other’s bids for permanent seats on the UNSC. This collective effort aims to strengthen their position and advocate for comprehensive UNSC reform.
| Country | Economic Status | Population (approx.) | Contribution to UN Peacekeeping |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Emerging Economy | 214 Million | Significant |
| Germany | Developed Economy | 83 Million | Moderate |
| India | Emerging Economy | 1.4 Billion | Highest |
| Japan | Developed Economy | 125 Million | Moderate |
Conclusion
India’s claim for a permanent seat in the UNSC is not merely a matter of national prestige but a necessity for a more representative, effective, and legitimate global governance structure. Its economic strength, geopolitical influence, commitment to multilateralism, and representation of the Global South make it a strong candidate. Overcoming opposition, particularly from China, will require sustained diplomatic efforts and building a broader coalition of support. A reformed UNSC with India as a permanent member will be better equipped to address the complex challenges facing the world today and ensure a more peaceful and secure future.
Answer Length
This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.