UPSC Mains MEDICAL-SCIENCE-PAPER-II 2021

Discuss in brief the role of ultrasound in the investigation of pain in right hypochondrium.

Outline the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of depressive disorders.

A neonate born at 30 weeks of gestation is found to have tachypnea, chest retractions and grunt within 30 minutes of birth.

What is the most likely diagnosis ? Mention the basis of your diagnosis and state briefly the pathophysiology of the condition.

Describe the management of this condition.

A 6-month-old infant attending paediatrics OPD is found to have central cyanosis, clubbing and no hepatomegaly.

What is the most likely cardiovascular condition ? State its cardiovascular examination findings and accompanying haemodynamic changes.

Write about the clinical course and complications related to this condition.

An adolescent girl fond of wearing artificial jewellery presented with itchy, papulo-vesicular skin lesions on the ears, wrists and neck.

What is the likely diagnosis?

Name the gold standard test which you would use for the confirmation of diagnosis.

How would you interpret the test results?

State the complications of this test.

A sixty-year-old diabetic male presented to the emergency department with acute onset, central squeezing type of chest pain, which is severe in intensity and not relieving even after taking rest.

What is the most probable diagnosis?

How will you investigate the case to reach the diagnosis?

Outline the steps in the management of the case.

A 12-month-old infant with history of delayed initiation of complementary feeding and few diarrhoeal episodes was found to have length of 72 cm, weight of 5 kg, mid arm circumference of 10 cm and loss of subcutaneous fat.

State the diagnosis. Under what severity of condition would you place this infant?

Enumerate the complications associated with the condition.

Describe the steps and phases of treatment.

Write the atypical presentations of scabies.

Describe the management of scabies in a neonate, in a child less than 2 years of age, an adult and a pregnant female.

State the causes which can lead to persistent itching following the administration of scabicide therapy.

A 40-year-old male who was bedridden for the last two months following a fracture in the lower limb developed sudden breathlessness.

What is the most probable diagnosis?

How will you investigate the case?

How will you manage the case?

A 60-year-old lady presents to the casualty after a fall on her right outstretched hand. X-ray image is suggestive of Colles' fracture.

Briefly write the clinical features of this condition.

Enumerate five complications of this fracture.

Define Foetal Growth Restriction (FGR).

List the common causes of FGR.

Outline the strategy for managing a severely growth restricted pregnancy diagnosed at 26 weeks of gestation. This female has no living issues and has a past history of undergoing Caesarean Section at 32 weeks of pregnancy.

Define menopause.

List the medical indications for prescribing Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT).

State briefly the controversies that have demerited the concept of 'Universal HRT'.