UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20225 Marks
Q21.

She started the work a few days.

How to Approach

This question is grammatically incorrect and appears to be a fragment of a sentence. It requires framing a complete sentence and then analyzing it from a linguistic perspective, focusing on tense, grammar, and potential meaning. The answer will reconstruct a plausible sentence, identify grammatical errors, and provide a corrected version. The approach will involve identifying the intended tense, subject-verb agreement, and appropriate use of articles.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The provided phrase, "She started the work a few days," is an incomplete and grammatically flawed sentence. It lacks a clear timeframe for the completion of the work and suffers from incorrect tense usage. A complete sentence requires a subject, verb, and object, along with appropriate modifiers to convey a coherent meaning. This response will reconstruct a plausible sentence based on the fragment, analyze its grammatical errors, and provide a corrected version, demonstrating an understanding of English grammar and sentence construction. We will also explore possible interpretations of the intended meaning.

Reconstructing the Sentence

The fragment suggests an action that began in the past. Several complete sentences can be formed from this fragment, depending on the intended meaning. Some possibilities include:

  • "She started the work a few days ago."
  • "She started the work a few days back."
  • "She has started the work a few days ago." (Though less common, it's grammatically possible)
  • "She started working a few days ago."

For the purpose of detailed analysis, we will consider the most common and grammatically sound reconstruction: "She started the work a few days ago."

Grammatical Analysis of the Original Fragment

The original fragment "She started the work a few days" contains several grammatical issues:

  • Incomplete Thought: The sentence lacks a clear indication of when the action was completed or its current status.
  • Missing Timeframe: The phrase "a few days" functions as an adverbial phrase of time, but it needs a reference point (e.g., "ago," "last week").
  • Potential for Misinterpretation: Without a clear timeframe, the sentence could be interpreted as ongoing, which doesn't align with the past tense "started."

Corrected Sentence and Explanation

The corrected sentence, "She started the work a few days ago," addresses these issues:

  • Subject-Verb Agreement: "She" (third-person singular) correctly pairs with "started" (past tense of "start").
  • Tense Consistency: The past tense "started" indicates a completed action in the past.
  • Clear Timeframe: "A few days ago" provides a specific reference point, indicating when the action began.
  • Complete Thought: The sentence now conveys a complete and understandable meaning.

Alternative Corrected Sentences and Nuances

Other valid corrections exist, each with slightly different nuances:

  • "She started working a few days ago." This version uses the gerund "working," emphasizing the process of doing the work.
  • "She has started the work a few days ago." While grammatically possible, this construction is less common and slightly awkward. It implies a recent start with potential continuation, but the "ago" clashes with the present perfect tense.

Analyzing the Impact of Word Choice

The choice of words significantly impacts the sentence's meaning. For example, replacing "work" with "project" or "task" would alter the scope of the action. Similarly, changing "a few days" to "several weeks" would indicate a longer timeframe. The use of adverbs like "quickly" or "carefully" would add further detail about *how* the work was started.

Common Grammatical Errors in Sentence Construction

Error Type Example (Incorrect) Correction
Fragmented Sentence Because of the rain. Because of the rain, the event was cancelled.
Misplaced Modifier Walking down the street, the building was impressive. Walking down the street, I found the building impressive.
Subject-Verb Disagreement The dogs is barking. The dogs are barking.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the original phrase "She started the work a few days" is a grammatically incomplete sentence. By reconstructing it as "She started the work a few days ago," we address the issues of tense, timeframe, and completeness. Understanding the nuances of English grammar, including subject-verb agreement and the proper use of adverbs, is crucial for effective communication. This analysis demonstrates the importance of constructing clear and concise sentences to convey intended meaning accurately.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Gerund
A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. For example, "working" in "She started working."
Subject-Verb Agreement
The correspondence between a subject and its verb in number and person. For example, "She *is*," not "She *are*."

Key Statistics

Approximately 20% of adults in the United States struggle with basic literacy skills, impacting their ability to construct grammatically correct sentences (National Center for Education Statistics, 2019).

Source: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2019

Studies show that clear and concise writing can increase productivity by up to 19% in the workplace (Grammarly, 2023).

Source: Grammarly, 2023

Examples

Impact of Clear Communication

In the 2008 financial crisis, ambiguous language in mortgage contracts contributed to widespread confusion and ultimately, the crisis itself. Clear and precise language is vital in legal and financial contexts.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between "ago" and "back" when referring to time?

"Ago" is more formal and precise, while "back" is more colloquial. Both indicate a time in the past, but "ago" is generally preferred in formal writing.