UPSC MainsENGLISH-COMPULSORY20225 Marks
Q31.

If she works hard, she (get) a first class.

How to Approach

This question tests basic English grammar, specifically the use of conditional sentences. The approach involves identifying the type of conditional sentence, understanding the correct verb tense to use in the 'result' clause, and then completing the sentence accordingly. The answer should demonstrate a clear understanding of grammatical rules and provide a grammatically correct sentence. The focus is on accuracy and clarity.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Conditional sentences are a fundamental aspect of English grammar, expressing that one event happens only if another event occurs. These sentences typically consist of an 'if' clause (the condition) and a main clause (the result). The correct tense usage within these clauses is crucial for conveying the intended meaning. This question requires the correct application of the first conditional, which describes a possible future outcome based on a likely condition.

The given sentence is a conditional sentence, specifically a Type 1 conditional (also known as the first conditional). This type of conditional is used to talk about possible or likely future events. The structure of a Type 1 conditional is:

  • If + present simple, will + base form of the verb

In the original sentence, "If she works hard, she (get) a first class," the 'if' clause is in the present simple tense ("works hard"). Therefore, the main clause must use "will + base form of the verb." The base form of "get" is "get."

Therefore, the completed sentence is:

If she works hard, she will get a first class.

Understanding Conditional Sentences

There are different types of conditional sentences, each with a specific structure and use:

  • Type 0 Conditional: Used for general truths or habits. (If + present simple, present simple) - If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
  • Type 1 Conditional: Used for possible future events. (If + present simple, will + base form) - If it rains, I will stay home.
  • Type 2 Conditional: Used for hypothetical or unlikely situations. (If + past simple, would + base form) - If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.
  • Type 3 Conditional: Used for past unreal situations. (If + past perfect, would have + past participle) - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

Importance of Correct Tense Usage

Using the incorrect tense in a conditional sentence can change the meaning entirely. For example:

Incorrect Sentence Correct Sentence Explanation
If she worked hard, she gets a first class. If she worked hard, she would get a first class. "Gets" is present simple, inappropriate for a hypothetical situation. "Would get" is correct for a Type 2 conditional.
If she will work hard, she gets a first class. If she works hard, she will get a first class. "Will work" is incorrect in the 'if' clause. The 'if' clause uses present simple.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the correct completion of the sentence "If she works hard, she (get) a first class" is "If she works hard, she will get a first class." This demonstrates a fundamental understanding of the first conditional structure in English grammar. Accurate tense usage is vital for clear and effective communication, and mastering conditional sentences is a key component of language proficiency.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Base Form of Verb
The base form of a verb is the infinitive without "to" (e.g., get, go, see). It is used after modal verbs like 'will', 'would', 'can', 'should'.

Key Statistics

Approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide speak English as a first or second language (British Council, 2023).

Source: British Council (2023)

Studies show that errors in grammar account for approximately 60% of communication breakdowns in professional settings (Grammarly, 2022).

Source: Grammarly (2022)

Examples

Weather Forecast

Weather forecasts frequently use conditional sentences: "If it rains tomorrow, the outdoor event will be cancelled." This illustrates a likely future outcome based on a condition.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between 'will' and 'would' in conditional sentences?

'Will' is used in Type 1 conditionals to express a likely future outcome. 'Would' is used in Type 2 conditionals to express a hypothetical or unlikely outcome.