UPSC MainsGEOLOGY-PAPER-II202210 Marks
Q17.

Ore Beneficiation: Copper Ore Processing

A beneficiation plant processes 12000 ton of copper ore containing 0.8 wt.% Cu in a day and produces ore concentrate containing 25 wt.% Cu. Assuming 80% ore recovery in the beneficiation process, how many ton of ore concentrate will be produced by the plant in a day?

How to Approach

This question is a straightforward application of percentage calculations and mass balance principles in mineral processing. The approach involves understanding the given data (ore tonnage, copper grade in ore, copper grade in concentrate, recovery rate) and applying these values to calculate the mass of the concentrate produced. The solution requires a step-by-step calculation, clearly showing the amount of copper recovered and then converting that back to the mass of the concentrate. The answer should be concise and focus on the numerical solution.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Beneficiation is a crucial process in mineral processing, aimed at improving the concentration of valuable minerals while removing unwanted gangue material. This is achieved through various physical and chemical methods. The efficiency of a beneficiation plant is often evaluated based on parameters like recovery rate and concentrate grade. Understanding these parameters and their interplay is vital for optimizing mineral extraction processes. This question tests the application of these concepts to a specific scenario involving copper ore beneficiation.

Calculation of Copper Recovered

First, we need to determine the total amount of copper present in the ore feed.

  • Ore tonnage: 12000 tons
  • Copper grade in ore: 0.8 wt.%
  • Total copper in ore = 12000 tons * 0.008 = 96 tons

Calculation of Copper Recovered to Concentrate

Next, we calculate the amount of copper recovered in the concentrate, considering the recovery rate.

  • Ore recovery: 80%
  • Copper recovered = 96 tons * 0.80 = 76.8 tons

Calculation of Concentrate Tonnage

Finally, we calculate the tonnage of the concentrate, knowing the copper grade in the concentrate.

  • Copper grade in concentrate: 25 wt.%
  • Concentrate tonnage = Copper recovered / Copper grade in concentrate
  • Concentrate tonnage = 76.8 tons / 0.25 = 307.2 tons

Therefore, the beneficiation plant will produce 307.2 tons of ore concentrate in a day.

Summary of Calculations

Parameter Value Unit
Ore Tonnage 12000 tons
Ore Cu Grade 0.8 wt.%
Total Cu in Ore 96 tons
Ore Recovery 80 %
Recovered Cu 76.8 tons
Concentrate Cu Grade 25 wt.%
Concentrate Tonnage 307.2 tons

Conclusion

In conclusion, the beneficiation plant processing 12000 tons of 0.8 wt.% copper ore with an 80% recovery rate will produce 307.2 tons of ore concentrate containing 25 wt.% Cu daily. This calculation highlights the importance of recovery rate and concentrate grade in determining the overall efficiency of a mineral processing operation. Optimizing these parameters is crucial for maximizing metal recovery and minimizing waste.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Beneficiation
Beneficiation refers to the process of separating valuable minerals from their associated gangue (waste) material, increasing the concentration of the desired mineral. It involves a series of physical and chemical processes.
Recovery Rate
Recovery rate in mineral processing refers to the percentage of the valuable mineral that is successfully extracted and concentrated during the beneficiation process. It is a key indicator of process efficiency.

Key Statistics

India is a major producer of iron ore, accounting for approximately 8.2% of world production in 2022.

Source: Ministry of Mines, Annual Report 2022-23

India's total value of mineral production (excluding atomic minerals) was estimated at ₹1,812.63 billion in 2022-23.

Source: Ministry of Mines, Annual Report 2022-23

Examples

Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL)

JSPL operates several beneficiation plants across India to upgrade iron ore fines into high-grade pellets for steelmaking. These plants utilize processes like washing, screening, and magnetic separation to improve the quality of the ore.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between beneficiation and smelting?

Beneficiation is a pre-concentration process that physically or chemically upgrades the ore, while smelting is a high-temperature process that extracts the metal from the concentrated ore using chemical reactions.

Topics Covered

GeologyMiningMineral ProcessingOre ConcentrationBeneficiation ProcessesMaterial Balance