UPSC Mains GEOLOGY-PAPER-II 2022

How are Miller Indices of a crystal face calculated? Calculate Miller Indices of following two crystal faces : (i) A face intersects all three crystallographic axes at 3-unit distance. (ii) A face intersects a-axis at 4-unit distance and is parallel to b and c axes.

Explain the phenomena of solid solution and exsolution in minerals.

Describe with suitable sketches 'intergranular' and 'sub-ophitic' textures. How do you explain presence of both these textures in a mafic rock?

How do increasing pressure and temperature either singularly or jointly, metamorphose a rock?

Describe the classification of sandstones on the basis of their composition and matrix.

Describe the crystallographic, physical, optical and chemical properties of garnet group of minerals. Give examples of rocks in which each species of garnet occurs as an essential mineral.

What are symmetry elements present in normal class of orthorhombic system ? Show the stereographic projection of a crystal face (hkl) for normal class of orthorhombic system. Write down Hermann-Mauguin notations of all classes of orthorhombic system.

Why does an anisotropic mineral, viewed under crossed polars, suffer four times of complete extinction during a 360° rotation of microscope stage? What is pleochroism and how is it determined?

What are different types of metamorphism and what are their controlling factors? State characteristic mineral assemblages which appear under different facies during regional metamorphism of pelitic rocks.

Define different types of zoning observed in minerals. Discuss processes of formation of different types of zoning in plagioclase with the help of Albite-Anorthite system.

State the petrographic characters of different types of anorthosites. Write a note on petrogenesis of anorthosites.

What do you understand by sedimentary depositional environment ? Describe fluvial environment in detail.

Explain different processes of diagenesis in clastic sedimentary rocks. Describe common diagenetic structures.

Enumerate the sedimentary basins of India based on their petroleum prospects.

What are the major changes in the process of formation of uranium deposits through geological time?

Describe the geological setting of copper deposits in Singhbhum shear zone and Khetri copper belt.

A beneficiation plant processes 12000 ton of copper ore containing 0.8 wt.% Cu in a day and produces ore concentrate containing 25 wt.% Cu. Assuming 80% ore recovery in the beneficiation process, how many ton of ore concentrate will be produced by the plant in a day?

Define equilibrium in a system. What are entropy, enthalpy and Gibb's free energy of a system?

Discuss about environmental hazards caused due to mining.

Explain the processes by which sediment hosted Pb-Zn deposits are formed. Describe the geological setting of Agucha and Zawar Pb-Zn deposits in the Aravalli craton.

How are diamond bearing kimberlites formed? Write a note on Majhgawan kimberlite and Wajrakarur kimberlite field.

Describe the geological setting and distribution of Tertiary coal deposits in NE India and Lignite deposits in Tamil Nadu.