UPSC MainsGENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-I202310 Marks150 Words
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Q9.

Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society.

How to Approach

This question requires a multi-faceted answer addressing sociological, psychological, and societal factors. The approach should be to first define suicide and its prevalence, then delve into the specific vulnerabilities faced by young Indian women. The answer should cover familial pressures, societal expectations, mental health access, economic hardships, and the impact of technology. A structured response, categorizing these factors, will be most effective. Focus on providing a nuanced understanding rather than simplistic explanations.

Model Answer

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Introduction

Suicide, defined by the World Health Organization as the act of intentionally causing one’s own death, is a tragic global public health concern. In India, while overall suicide rates show a slight decline, a concerning trend is the increasing proportion of young women contributing to these statistics. According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data (as of 2022, knowledge cutoff), approximately 3.3% of all suicides in India were committed by women aged 15-29. This rise is particularly alarming given the socio-cultural context of India, where women often face unique vulnerabilities and systemic disadvantages. Understanding the complex interplay of factors driving this trend is crucial for effective intervention and prevention strategies.

Sociological Factors

Indian society is characterized by deeply ingrained patriarchal norms and traditional gender roles. These norms often place immense pressure on young women regarding marriage, family honor, and societal expectations.

  • Dowry-related harassment and deaths: Despite being illegal, dowry demands continue to be a significant cause of stress and suicide among young married women.
  • Family honor and societal stigma: Concerns about ‘family honor’ can lead to extreme reactions to perceived transgressions, including suicide.
  • Limited agency and decision-making power: Young women often have limited control over their lives, including decisions about education, career, and marriage.

Psychological Factors

Mental health issues are often stigmatized in India, preventing young women from seeking help. Several psychological factors contribute to increased suicide risk:

  • Depression and anxiety: These are common mental health conditions that often go undiagnosed and untreated.
  • Low self-esteem and body image issues: Societal pressures regarding appearance and conformity can contribute to low self-esteem.
  • Experiences of violence and abuse: Domestic violence, sexual assault, and other forms of abuse are significant risk factors for suicide.
  • Academic pressure: Intense competition and parental expectations regarding academic performance can lead to stress and anxiety.

Economic and Social Hardships

Economic vulnerability and social inequalities exacerbate the risk of suicide among young women.

  • Poverty and financial insecurity: Economic hardship can create immense stress and hopelessness.
  • Lack of access to education and employment: Limited educational and employment opportunities restrict women’s economic independence and agency.
  • Social isolation and lack of support networks: Women who are socially isolated or lack strong support networks are more vulnerable to suicide.

The Role of Technology

While technology can offer support, it also presents new challenges.

  • Cyberbullying and online harassment: Young women are increasingly vulnerable to cyberbullying and online harassment, which can have devastating psychological effects.
  • Exposure to harmful content: Exposure to content promoting suicide or glorifying self-harm can be triggering.
  • Social media comparison: Constant comparison with others on social media can contribute to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.
Factor Impact on Young Women
Patriarchal Norms Pressure to conform, limited agency, dowry harassment
Mental Health Stigma Delayed or absent help-seeking behavior
Economic Vulnerability Increased stress, limited opportunities
Technology Cyberbullying, exposure to harmful content

Conclusion

The increasing trend of suicide among young women in India is a complex issue rooted in a confluence of sociological, psychological, economic, and technological factors. Addressing this requires a multi-pronged approach that includes challenging patriarchal norms, improving access to mental healthcare, empowering women economically, and promoting responsible technology use. Strengthening support systems, raising awareness about mental health, and fostering a culture of empathy and understanding are crucial steps towards preventing these tragic losses and ensuring a brighter future for young women in India.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Patriarchy
A system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.
Social Capital
The networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively.

Key Statistics

According to the NCRB, 16,376 women died by suicide in 2021, representing 14.3% of total suicide victims.

Source: National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 2021

A study by the Indian Journal of Psychiatry found that the prevalence of depression among young adults in India is around 13.8%.

Source: Indian Journal of Psychiatry (knowledge cutoff 2023)

Examples

The case of farmer suicides in Maharashtra

While primarily affecting men, the distress caused by farmer suicides often leads to increased vulnerability and suicide attempts among women in affected families due to economic hardship and social stigma.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are suicide rates increasing despite economic growth?

Economic growth doesn't necessarily translate to equitable distribution of wealth or improved social well-being. Increased competition, social disparities, and the breakdown of traditional support systems can contribute to stress and mental health issues even during periods of economic growth.

Topics Covered

SociologySocial IssuesPsychologyMental HealthGender IssuesSocial Pressures