Which of the following can be inferred from the statement that ‘Either John is stupid or John is lazy’? I. John is lazy / therefore, John is not stupid. II. John is not lazy / therefore, John is stupid. III. John is not stupid / therefore, John is lazy. IV. John is stupid / therefore, John is not lazy. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below: Codes:

The statement Either John is stupid or John is lazy is a disjunctive proposition. In logic, this is typically treated as an inclusive or, meaning at least one of the conditions must be true. To draw a valid inference from such a statement, you must use the process of elimination. If you negate one option, the other must necessarily be true to satisfy the original statement. Looking at the options: Statement II is valid because if we know John is not lazy, the only way for the original statement to remain true is if John is stupid. Statement III is valid because if we know John is not stupid, he must be lazy to satisfy the condition. Statements I and IV are invalid because proving one condition does not automatically disprove the other. In an inclusive or, John could potentially be both stupid and lazy. Therefore, only II and III are logically sound inferences. The correct answer is B.