UPSC Prelims 1996·GS1·economy·open economy

Consider the following statements: Most international agencies which fund development programmes in India on intergovernmental bilateral agreements, mainly provide I. Technical assistance. II. Soft loans which are required to be paid back with interest. III. Grants, not required to be paid back. IV. Food assistance to alleviate poverty. Of these statements

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  1. AII and IV and correct
  2. BI, II and III are correctCorrect
  3. CI, II and IV are correct
  4. DIII and IV are correct

Explanation

International agencies funding development in India through bilateral agreements primarily focus on technical assistance, soft loans, and grants. Technical assistance involves sharing expertise and technology. Soft loans are provided at very low interest rates with long repayment periods. Grants are financial contributions that do not need to be repaid. Food assistance was a major component of international aid in the 1950s and 1960s, notably through the PL 480 program from the USA. However, since India achieved food self sufficiency following the Green Revolution, food aid has ceased to be a significant part of intergovernmental bilateral development funding. Therefore, statements I, II, and III are correct, while statement IV is no longer a primary feature of such agreements. This makes option B the correct answer.
economy: Consider the following statements: Most international agencies which fund development programmes in India on intergovern

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