For short-term climate prediction, which one of the following events, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the India subcontinent?
- ALa Nina
- BMovement of Jet Streams
- CEl Nino and Southern OscillationsCorrect
- DGreenhouse effects on global level
Explanation
The correct answer is C because El Nino and Southern Oscillations ENSO have a direct and significant impact on the Indian monsoon cycle.
El Nino refers to the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. This warming disrupts the normal atmospheric circulation patterns. When El Nino occurs, it often results in the weakening of the moisture-bearing winds that travel toward India, leading to below-average rainfall or occasional weak monsoon seasons. While La Nina usually brings better rains and Jet Streams influence the onset of the monsoon, ENSO is the primary global event used for predicting short-term seasonal variations and rainfall deficits in the subcontinent. Greenhouse effects relate to long-term climate change rather than specific short-term yearly predictions.

Related questions
More UPSC Prelims practice from the same subject and topic.
- Prelims 2002GS1geography
Consider the following climatic and geographical phenomena: 1. Condensation 2. High temperature and humidity 3. Orography 4. Vertical wind Thunder Cloud development is due to which of these phenomena?
- Prelims 2002GS1geography
Consider the following natural phenomena: 1. Terrestrial heating 2. Reflection of light 3. Refraction of light 4. Diffraction of light Due to which of these phenomena is mirage formed?
- Prelims 2002GS1geography
Sun’s halo is produced by the refraction of light in
- Prelims 2002GS1geography
The average annual temperature of a meteorological station is 26oC, its average annual rainfall is 63 cm and the annual range of temperature is 9oC. The station in Q is
- Prelims 2002GS1geography
Consider the following statements: 1. In equatorial regions, the year is divided into four main seasons 2. In Mediterranean region, summer receives more rain 3. In China type climate, rainfall occurs …
- Prelims 2002GS1geography
Assertion (A): 60°-65° latitudes in both the hemispheres have a low-pressure belt instead of high pressure. Reason (R): The low-pressure areas are permanent over oceans rather than on land.