UPSC Prelims 2002·GS1·geography·climatology

For short-term climate prediction, which one of the following events, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the India subcontinent?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. ALa Nina
  2. BMovement of Jet Streams
  3. CEl Nino and Southern OscillationsCorrect
  4. DGreenhouse effects on global level

Explanation

The correct answer is C because El Nino and Southern Oscillations ENSO have a direct and significant impact on the Indian monsoon cycle. El Nino refers to the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. This warming disrupts the normal atmospheric circulation patterns. When El Nino occurs, it often results in the weakening of the moisture-bearing winds that travel toward India, leading to below-average rainfall or occasional weak monsoon seasons. While La Nina usually brings better rains and Jet Streams influence the onset of the monsoon, ENSO is the primary global event used for predicting short-term seasonal variations and rainfall deficits in the subcontinent. Greenhouse effects relate to long-term climate change rather than specific short-term yearly predictions.
geography: For short-term climate prediction, which one of the following events, detected in the last decade, is associated with oc

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