UPSC Prelims 2009·GS1·science-and-technology·science and technology

With reference to the evolution of living organisms, which one of the following sequences is correct?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. AOctopus – Dolphin – Shark
  2. BPangolin – Tortoise – Hawk
  3. CSalamander – Python – KangarooCorrect
  4. DFrog – Crab – Prawn

Explanation

The correct sequence is Salamander, Python, Kangaroo because it follows the evolutionary order of vertebrates moving from water to land and increasing in biological complexity. Salamanders are amphibians, which were the first group of vertebrates to transition from water to land. Pythons are reptiles, which evolved after amphibians and developed the ability to live entirely on land. Kangaroos are mammals, which represent a more recent and complex evolutionary stage compared to amphibians and reptiles. The other options are incorrect because they do not follow a chronological evolutionary timeline. For example, in option A, the Octopus is an invertebrate while Dolphins and Sharks are vertebrates, but Sharks evolved long before Dolphins. In option D, the sequence is reversed as Crabs and Prawns are invertebrates that appeared before Frogs. Therefore, only option C represents a correct progression from Amphibian to Reptile to Mammal.
science-and-technology: With reference to the evolution of living organisms, which one of the following sequences is correct?

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