UPSC Prelims 2010·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

Which feature of some species of blue-green algae helps promote them as bio-fertilizers?

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  1. AThey convert atmospheric methane into ammonia which the crop plants can absorb readily
  2. BThey induce the crop plants to produce the enzymes which help convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates
  3. CThey have the mechanism to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the crop plants can absorb readilyCorrect
  4. DThey induce the roots of the crop plants to absorb the soil nitrates in larger quantities

Explanation

The correct answer is C because certain blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, possess specialized cells called heterocysts. These cells contain the enzyme nitrogenase, which allows them to fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds. Since nitrogen is a vital nutrient for plant growth but cannot be absorbed by plants directly from the air, these algae act as bio-fertilizers by enriching the soil or water with a usable form of nitrogen, significantly benefiting crops like rice.
geography: Which feature of some species of blue-green algae helps promote them as bio-fertilizers?

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