UPSC Prelims 2011·GS1·economy·basic concepts

A rapid increase in the rate of inflation is sometimes attributed to the “base effect”. What is “base effect”?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. AIt is the impact of drastic deficiency in supply due to failure of crops
  2. BIt is the impact of the surge in demand due to rapid economic growth
  3. CIt is the impact of the price levels of previous year on the calculation of inflation rateCorrect
  4. DNone of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct in this context

Explanation

The base effect refers to the impact that the price level of the corresponding period in the previous year has on the current inflation calculation. Inflation is measured as a percentage change over a base period. If the prices were exceptionally low in the base period of the previous year, even a moderate rise in current prices will appear as a high percentage increase, leading to a high inflation rate. Conversely, if the base period prices were very high, the current inflation rate may appear artificially low. Therefore, the base effect is simply a mathematical distortion caused by the reference point used for comparison.
economy: A rapid increase in the rate of inflation is sometimes attributed to the “base effect”. What is “base effect”?

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