UPSC Prelims 2011·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for this phenomenon?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. AIt has a high rainfall that supports luxuriant vegetative growth
  2. BIt is a confluence of different biogeographical zonesCorrect
  3. CExotic and invasive species have not been introduced in this region
  4. DIt has less human interference

Explanation

The correct answer is B because the Himalayan Range acts as a meeting point for multiple distinct biogeographical realms, specifically the Palearctic, Indo-Malayan, and Mediterranean regions. This confluence allows for a unique mixture of flora and fauna from different parts of the world to coexist in one area. Additionally, the extreme variations in altitude and climate within the range create a wide array of vertical ecosystems, ranging from tropical forests at the base to alpine meadows and permanent ice at the peaks. This combination of horizontal migration paths and vertical climatic zones provides a diverse set of habitats that support an exceptionally high number of species. While rainfall and human interference play a role, they are not the primary reason for the region's unique status as a biodiversity hotspot compared to the intersection of different ecological zones.
geography: The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for
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