With reference to India, consider the following Central Acts: 1. Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947 2. Mining and Mineral Development (Regulation) Act, 1957 3. Customs Act, 1962 4. Indian Forest Act, 1927 Which of the above Acts have relevance to/bearing on the biodiversity conservation in the country?

The correct answer is C because all four acts contain provisions that directly or indirectly impact the protection and conservation of biodiversity in India.

1. Import and Export Control Act 1947: This act allows the government to prohibit or restrict the trade of specific items. This is crucial for controlling the international trade of endangered species and their products, preventing the overexploitation of flora and fauna.

2. Mining and Mineral Development Regulation Act 1957: Mining activities have a massive impact on natural habitats. This act regulates mining operations and includes environmental protection measures to ensure that mineral extraction does not lead to the total destruction of local ecosystems and biodiversity.

3. Customs Act 1962: This act is the primary tool for checking the illegal trafficking of wildlife and forest produce at international borders. It empowers authorities to seize prohibited biological materials, thereby curbing the illegal wildlife trade.

4. Indian Forest Act 1927: This is a foundational law for forest management in India. It provides for the declaration of reserved and protected forests, regulates the movement of forest produce, and establishes penalties for activities like unauthorized cutting of trees or hunting, which are essential for biodiversity conservation.