UPSC Prelims 2011·GS1·polity-and-governance·social justice and international relations

Karl Marx explained the process of class struggle with the help of which one of the following theories?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. AEmpirical liberalism
  2. BExistentialism
  3. CDarwin’s theory of evolution
  4. DDialectical materialismCorrect

Explanation

The correct answer is D because Karl Marx based his theory of class struggle on dialectical materialism. This theory is a combination of Hegels dialectics and materialist philosophy. It suggests that the primary driving force of history is the conflict between opposing material interests and economic conditions. According to Marx, history progresses through a series of stages defined by the struggle between the ruling class which owns the means of production and the oppressed class which does not. This constant conflict, rooted in the material world rather than ideas, eventually leads to social revolutions and the transition from one economic system to another. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they represent different philosophical or scientific schools of thought that do not form the core basis of Marxs explanation of class struggle.
polity-and-governance: Karl Marx explained the process of class struggle with the help of which one of the following theories?
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