With reference to micro-irrigation, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Fertilizer/nutrient loss can be reduced. 2. It is the only means of irrigation in dry land farming. 3. In some areas of farming, receding of ground water table can be checked. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- A1 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 onlyCorrect
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Statement 1: Fertilizer/nutrient loss can be reduced. This is correct. Micro-irrigation methods like drip irrigation deliver water and fertilizers (fertigation) directly to the plant's root zone, minimizing wastage through runoff or deep percolation, thus reducing nutrient loss.
Statement 2: It is the only means of irrigation in dry land farming. This is incorrect. Dry land farming primarily relies on rainfall and moisture conservation techniques, often without irrigation. While micro-irrigation is highly efficient and beneficial in water-scarce regions, it is not the "only" means of irrigation, nor is irrigation always present in dry land farming. The term "only" makes this statement false.
Statement 3: In some areas of farming, receding of ground water table can be checked. This is correct. Micro-irrigation significantly improves water use efficiency compared to traditional flood irrigation. By using less water for the same yield, it reduces the overall demand for water, thereby decreasing the rate of groundwater extraction and helping to mitigate the problem of receding groundwater tables.
Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Related questions
More UPSC Prelims practice from the same subject and topic.
- Prelims 2011GS1geography
Two important rivers -- one with its source in Jharkhand (and known by a different name in Odisha), and another with its source in Odisha -- merge at a place only a short distance from the coast of Ba…
- Prelims 2011GS1geography
Among the following States, which one has the most suitable climatic conditions for the cultivation of a large variety of orchids with minimum cost of production, and can develop an export oriented in…
- Prelims 2011GS1geography
The lower Gangetic plain is characterised by humid climate with high temperature throughout the year. Which one among the following pairs of crops is most suitable for this region?
- Prelims 2011GS1geography
The Brahmaputra, Irrawady and Mekong rivers originate in Tibet and flow through narrow and parallel mountain ranges in their upper reaches. Of these rivers, Brahmaputra makes a “U” turn in its course …
- Prelims 2011GS1geography
A state in India has the following characteristics: 1. Its northern part is arid and semi-arid. 2. Its central part produces cotton. 3. Cultivation of cash crops is predominant over food crops. Which …
- Prelims 2011GS1geography
The formation of ozone hole in the Antarctic region has been a cause of concern. What could be the reason for the formation of this hole?