UPSC Prelims 2015·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

Which one of the following is the best description of the term 'ecosystem?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. AA community of organisms interacting with one another
  2. BThat part of the Earth which is inhabited by living organisms
  3. CA community of organisms together with the environment in which they liveCorrect
  4. DThe flora and fauna of a geographical area

Explanation

An 'ecosystem' is a fundamental concept in ecology. It refers to a functional unit comprising all the living organisms (the biotic community - flora and fauna) in a particular area, interacting with each other, and also interacting with their non-living physical environment (the abiotic components like soil, water, air, sunlight, temperature) as a whole. This interaction creates a flow of energy and cycling of nutrients. Options A, B, and D describe only parts or aspects related to an ecosystem but do not encompass the complete definition that includes both biotic and abiotic interactions.
geography: Which one of the following is the best description of the term 'ecosystem?

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