UPSC Prelims 2016·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

The term 'Intended Nationally Determined Contributions' is sometimes seen in the news in the context of

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  1. Apledges made by the European countries to rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle East
  2. Bplan of action outlined by the countries of the world to combat climate changeCorrect
  3. Ccapital contributed by the member countries in the establishment of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
  4. Dplan of action outlined by the countries of the world regarding Sustainable Development Goals

Explanation

'Intended Nationally Determined Contributions' (INDCs) refer to the commitments made by individual countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process, particularly leading up to the Paris Agreement in 2015. These are non-binding national plans highlighting climate action, including climate-related targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions, policies, and measures countries aim to implement in response to climate change and as a contribution to achieve the global goals of the Paris Agreement. After the Paris Agreement entered into force, INDCs were formally referred to as 'Nationally Determined Contributions' (NDCs).
geography: The term 'Intended Nationally Determined Contributions' is sometimes seen in the news in the context of

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