UPSC Prelims 2022·GS1·history·ancient history

With reference to Indian history, consider the following texts : 1. Nettipakarana 2. Parishishtaparvan 3. Avadanashataka 4. Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana Which of the above are Jaina texts?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. A1, 2 and 3
  2. B2 and 4 onlyCorrect
  3. C1, 3 and 4
  4. D2, 3 and 4

Explanation

Identifying the religious affiliation of ancient and medieval Indian texts requires specific knowledge. Let's examine each text: 1. Nettipakarana: This is a Pāli Buddhist text, sometimes considered an ancillary work to the Theravada Buddhist canon. 2. Parishishtaparvan: This is a 12th-century Sanskrit epic poem by the Jaina scholar Hemachandra. It provides a historical narrative of the early Jaina teachers and important figures. Thus, it is a Jaina text. 3. Avadanashataka: This is a collection of Buddhist legends in Sanskrit, providing moral teachings through tales of past lives (avadanas). It is a Buddhist text. 4. Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana: This is a major 9th-century Sanskrit epic poem by Jinasena and Gunabhadra, which details the lives of 63 illustrious persons (mahapurushas) in Jainism, including the Tirthankaras. It is a fundamental Jaina text. Therefore, only 2 and 4 are Jaina texts.
history: With reference to Indian history, consider the following texts : 1. Nettipakarana 2. Parishishtaparvan 3. Avadanashataka

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