UPSC Prelims 2024·GS1·geography·geomorphology

Consider the following: 1. Pyroclastic debris 2. Ash and dust 3. Nitrogen compounds 4. Sulphur compounds How many of the above are products of volcanic eruptions?

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. AOnly one
  2. BOnly two
  3. COnly three
  4. DAll fourCorrect

Explanation

All four listed items are products of volcanic eruptions: 1. **Pyroclastic debris**: This refers to fragmented material ejected from a volcano during an explosive eruption, including rock fragments, ash, pumice, and volcanic bombs. 2. **Ash and dust**: Volcanic ash consists of tiny particles of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass, often ejected in large quantities during eruptions. Volcanic dust is even finer. 3. **Nitrogen compounds**: Volcanic gases include various compounds, and while water vapor and carbon dioxide are the most abundant, nitrogen (N₂) and minor nitrogen compounds (like NO, NO₂, NH₃) are also released. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, and it is a constituent of the magmatic gases. 4. **Sulphur compounds**: Sulphur dioxide (SO₂), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and other sulphur compounds are significant components of volcanic gases. SO₂ is particularly known for its atmospheric effects, contributing to acid rain and influencing climate. Therefore, all four are products of volcanic eruptions.
geography: Consider the following: 1. Pyroclastic debris 2. Ash and dust 3. Nitrogen compounds 4. Sulphur compounds How many of the

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