Consider the following materials: 1. Agricultural residues 2. Corn grain 3. Wastewater treatment sludge 4. Wood mill waste Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel?
- A1 and 2 only
- B3 and 4 only
- C1, 2, 3 and 4Correct
- D1, 3 and 4 only
Explanation
All four listed materials can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). SAF is a biofuel used to power aircraft, designed to reduce aviation's carbon emissions, and can be produced from diverse biomass and waste streams.
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Agricultural residues: Correct. Crop residues (corn stover, wheat straw, bagasse) are lignocellulosic biomass and a major SAF feedstock via Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL) or Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ) pathways.
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Corn grain: Correct. Sugar/starch crops can be converted to ethanol and then to SAF via the Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ) pathway, despite the food-vs-fuel debate.
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Wastewater treatment sludge: Correct. Sewage sludge and MSW can be converted to SAF through thermochemical routes such as gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
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Wood mill waste: Correct. Sawdust, wood chips and mill bark are lignocellulosic feedstocks suitable for SAF production through processes similar to those used for agricultural residues.
Hence, all four are valid SAF feedstocks.

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