Model Answer
0 min readIntroduction
Legislative control, in the context of agriculture, refers to the power of the legislature (Parliament and State Legislatures) to enact laws regulating agricultural practices, including the use of pesticides and other inputs. This power is crucial for ensuring food security, protecting public health, and safeguarding the environment. India, being an agrarian economy, has a complex legal framework governing pest control, evolving over time to address emerging challenges like pesticide resistance and environmental degradation. The increasing incidents of pesticide poisoning and the need for sustainable agricultural practices have spurred legislative reforms, highlighting the importance of a robust legal system.
Understanding Legislative Control
Legislative control operates through the process of creating, amending, and repealing laws. In India, the power to legislate on agriculture is divided between the Union and State governments, as per the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. While the Union government primarily deals with inter-state trade and regulation of imports/exports, State governments have the power to legislate on agricultural practices within their respective territories.
Pest Control Legislation in India: A Historical Overview
India's pest control legislation has evolved through several acts, reflecting changing priorities and understanding of pest management. Early legislation focused primarily on the registration and sale of pesticides, with a gradual shift towards integrated pest management (IPM) and farmer safety.
Key Acts on Pest Control Legislation
| Act Name | Year | Scope & Key Provisions | Current Status/Amendments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Insecticides Act, 1968 | 1968 | Regulates the import, manufacture, sale, transport, distribution, and use of insecticides. Establishes the Insecticides (India) Registration Committee (IRC) for registration of insecticides. | Repeatedly amended to incorporate new provisions related to pesticide residue limits and safety standards. Significant amendments occurred in 2020 strengthening registration and safety aspects. |
| Fertilizer (Control) Order, 1985 | 1985 | While primarily focused on fertilizers, it indirectly impacts pest control by regulating the availability and use of integrated nutrient management products. | Regularly amended to control the quality and price of fertilizers, impacting the overall nutrient management practices. |
| Seeds Act, 1966 | 1966 | Regulates the production, sale, and storage of seeds, including those treated with pesticides. Aims to ensure the quality of seeds and prevent the spread of plant diseases. | Amendments have focused on improving seed quality and introducing stricter regulations for genetically modified (GM) seeds. |
| Plant Quarantine Act, 2003 | 2003 | Prevents the introduction and spread of plant pests, diseases, and noxious weeds through the movement of plants and plant materials. | Focuses on phytosanitary measures and international collaboration to prevent the entry of invasive species. |
| Biosecurity Act, 2023 (Draft) | 2023 | Aims to establish a comprehensive biosecurity framework to prevent and manage plant and animal diseases, pests, and invasive species. This is currently in draft form. | A significant move towards a holistic approach to biosecurity. |
Challenges and Limitations
Despite the existence of these acts, several challenges remain:
- Enforcement Gaps: Lack of adequate infrastructure and trained personnel hinders effective enforcement.
- Awareness Deficit: Many farmers lack awareness about safe pesticide handling practices and IPM techniques.
- Pesticide Resistance: Over-reliance on chemical pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant pest populations.
- Data Deficiency: Inadequate data on pesticide usage and its impact on human health and the environment.
The Role of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
The current emphasis is on promoting IPM, a holistic approach that combines various pest control methods – biological control, cultural practices, resistant varieties, and judicious use of pesticides – to minimize environmental impact and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. The National IPM Programme, launched in 2004, aims to promote IPM practices across the country.
Conclusion
The legislative framework for pest control in India has significantly evolved, reflecting a growing understanding of the complexities involved in sustainable agriculture. While acts like the Insecticides Act and the Seeds Act provide a foundation, the draft Biosecurity Act signals a shift towards a more comprehensive and proactive approach. Addressing enforcement gaps, raising farmer awareness, and promoting IPM practices remain crucial for ensuring food security and protecting public health while minimizing the environmental impact of pest control measures. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of these laws are essential to meet the evolving challenges of pest management.
Answer Length
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