UPSC Mains GENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-IV 2019

What are the basic principles of public life? Illustrate any three of these with suitable examples.

What do you understand by the term 'public servant'? Reflect on the expected role of public servant.

Effective utilization of public funds is crucial to meet development goals. Critically examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.

"Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of corruption". Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.

What is meant by the term 'constitutional morality'? How does one uphold constitutional morality?

What is meant by 'crisis of conscience'? How does it manifest itself in the public domain?

Explain the basic principles of citizens charter movement and bring out its importance.

There is a view that the Official Secrets Act is an obstacle to the implementation of Right to Information Act. Do you agree with the view? Discuss.

What do you understand by probity in governance ? Based on your understanding of the term, suggest measures for ensuring probity in government.

"Emotional Intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work for you instead of against you". Do you agree with this view? Discuss.

What do each of the following quotations mean to you?

"An unexamined life is not worth living". - Socrates

"A man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks he becomes." - M. K. Gandhi

"Jahan hriday mein shuchita hai, vahan charitra mein sundarta hai. Jab charitra mein saundarya hai, tab ghar mein samarasata hai. Jab ghar mein samarasata hai, tab rashtra mein suvyavastha hai. Jab rashtra mein suvyavastha hai, tab vishwa mein shanti hai." - A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

You are heading the rescue operations in an area affected by severe natural calamity. Thousands of people are rendered homeless and deprived of food, drinking water and other basic amenities. Rescue work has been disrupted by heavy rainfall and damage to supply routes. The local people are seething with anger against the delayed limited rescue operations. When your team reaches the affected area, the people there heckle and even assault some of the team members. One of your team members is even severely injured. Faced with this crisis, some team members plead with you to call off the operations fearing threats to their life. In such trying circumstances, what will be your response ? Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage the situation.

Honesty and uprightness are the hallmarks of a civil servant. Civil servants possessing these qualities are considered as the backbone of any strong organization. In line of duty, they take various decisions, at times some become bonafide mistakes. As long as such decisions are not taken intentionally and do not benefit personally, the officer cannot be said to be guilty. Though such decisions may, at times, lead to unforeseen adverse consequences in the long-term. In the recent past, a few instances have surfaced wherein civil servants have been implicated for bonafide mistakes. They have often been prosecuted and even imprisoned. These instances have greatly rattled the moral fibre of the civil servants. How does this trend affect the functioning of the civil services? What measures can be taken to ensure that honest civil servants are not implicated for bonafide mistakes on their part? Justify your answer.

An apparel manufacturing company having large number of women employees was losing sales due to various factors. The company hired a reputed marketing executive, who increased the volume of sales within a short span of time. However, some unconfirmed reports came up regarding his indulgence in sexual harassment at the work place. After sometime, a woman employee lodged a formal complaint to the management against the marketing executive about sexually harassing her. Faced with the company's indifference in not taking cognizance of her grievance, she lodged an FIR with the Police. Realizing the sensitivity and gravity of the situation, the company called the woman employee to negotiate. In that she was offered a hefty sum of money to withdraw the complaint and the FIR and also give in writing that the marketing executive is not involved in the case. Identify the ethical issues involved in this case. What options are available to the woman employee?

In a modern democratic polity, there is the concept of political executive and permanent executive. Elected people's representatives form the political executive and bureaucracy forms the permanent executive. Ministers frame policy decisions and bureaucrats execute these. In the initial decades after independence, relationship between the permanent executive and the political executive were characterized by mutual understanding, respect and co-operation, without encroaching upon each others domain. However, in the subsequent decades, the situation has changed. There are instances of the political executive insisting upon the permanent executive to follow its agenda. Respect for and appreciation of upright bureaucrats has declined. There is an increasing tendency among the political executive to get involved in routine administrative matters such as transfers, postings etc. Under this scenario, there is a definitive trend towards 'politicization of bureaucracy'. The rising materialism and acquisitiveness in social life has also adversely impacted upon the ethical values of both the permanent executive and the political executive. What are the consequences of this 'politicization of bureaucracy'? Discuss.