UPSC MainsECONOMICS-PAPER-II202110 Marks150 Words
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Q18.

Analyse the new initiatives taken by the Government of India to boost food processing sector.

How to Approach

This question requires a focused analysis of recent government initiatives aimed at bolstering the food processing sector in India. The answer should move beyond merely listing schemes and delve into their impact, challenges, and interlinkages. A structure focusing on categorization of initiatives (infrastructure, policy, financial) followed by an assessment of their effectiveness is recommended. Mentioning relevant data and schemes will add value.

Model Answer

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Introduction

The food processing sector is a crucial component of the Indian economy, contributing significantly to agricultural growth, employment generation, and export earnings. Despite its potential, the sector has historically faced challenges related to infrastructure, technology, and policy support. Recognizing this, the Government of India has launched several new initiatives in recent years to address these bottlenecks and unlock the sector’s full potential. These initiatives aim to reduce food wastage, enhance value addition, and improve the competitiveness of Indian food products in the global market.

Recent Government Initiatives

The government’s efforts to boost the food processing sector can be broadly categorized into infrastructure development, policy reforms, and financial assistance.

1. Infrastructure Development

  • Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises (PMFME) Scheme (2020): This scheme provides financial assistance to micro food processing units for upgrading their infrastructure, improving technology, and enhancing marketing capabilities. It aims to formalize the unorganized food processing sector.
  • Mega Food Parks: As of 2023, 22 Mega Food Parks have been sanctioned, with 10 operational. These parks provide common infrastructure facilities like cold storage, processing units, and transportation networks.
  • Integrated Cold Chain and Controlled Atmosphere Storage Infrastructure: The government provides financial assistance for setting up cold chains to reduce post-harvest losses of perishable agricultural produce.

2. Policy Reforms

  • New Central Sector Scheme for the Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME): This scheme aims to provide support to 2 lakh micro enterprises with credit linked subsidy.
  • Amendment to the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006: Recent amendments aim to streamline food safety regulations and promote ease of doing business for food processing companies.
  • National Food Processing Policy: While a comprehensive national policy is still under development, the government has been issuing notifications and guidelines to promote specific aspects of food processing.

3. Financial Assistance

  • PLI Scheme for Food Processing Industry (2021): The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme provides financial incentives to companies for increasing their production of specific food products, encouraging investment and innovation. It covers sectors like processed fruits & vegetables, processed seafood, and mozzarella cheese.
  • Agricultural Infrastructure Fund (AIF): This fund provides medium- to long-term debt for post-harvest management and community farming assets, benefiting food processing units.
  • Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE): This scheme facilitates access to credit for micro and small food processing enterprises by providing credit guarantees to lending institutions.

Challenges and Way Forward

Despite these initiatives, the food processing sector continues to face challenges such as inadequate cold chain infrastructure, high logistics costs, lack of skilled manpower, and complex regulatory procedures. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach involving increased investment in infrastructure, simplification of regulations, skill development programs, and promotion of research and development.

Initiative Focus Area Key Features
PMFME Scheme Micro Enterprises Financial assistance, infrastructure upgrade, marketing support
Mega Food Parks Infrastructure Common facilities, reduced logistics costs, value addition
PLI Scheme Production Incentives Financial incentives for increased production, investment promotion

Conclusion

The Government of India’s recent initiatives represent a significant step towards unlocking the potential of the food processing sector. While these initiatives address key challenges, sustained efforts are needed to improve infrastructure, streamline regulations, and promote innovation. A holistic approach, involving collaboration between the government, industry, and research institutions, is crucial for ensuring the long-term growth and competitiveness of the Indian food processing sector and achieving the goal of becoming a global food processing hub.

Answer Length

This is a comprehensive model answer for learning purposes and may exceed the word limit. In the exam, always adhere to the prescribed word count.

Additional Resources

Key Definitions

Food Processing
Food processing encompasses the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into another, to enhance its quality, safety, shelf life, and value.
PLI Scheme
Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme is a government scheme that provides financial incentives to boost domestic manufacturing and attract investments in key sectors.

Key Statistics

The Indian food processing industry accounts for approximately 32% of the country’s total food market. (Source: Ministry of Food Processing Industries, 2023 - Knowledge Cutoff)

Source: Ministry of Food Processing Industries, 2023

India’s food processing sector is estimated to be worth US$ 263 billion in 2023. (Source: IBEF - Knowledge Cutoff)

Source: IBEF (India Brand Equity Foundation)

Examples

Amul Model

The Amul cooperative model in Gujarat demonstrates the success of integrating farmers with processing and marketing, leading to increased incomes and rural development.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of technology in boosting the food processing sector?

Technology plays a vital role in improving efficiency, reducing wastage, enhancing quality control, and developing innovative food products. Technologies like precision farming, IoT-enabled cold chains, and advanced packaging solutions are crucial for modernizing the sector.

Topics Covered

EconomyAgricultureFood SecurityRural EconomyIndustrial Policy