Two important characteristics of a hypothesis are that it should be testable and that it should be stated in a manner that it can be refuted. Which one of the following hypotheses, fulfils these characteristics?

The correct answer is A because it presents a scientific hypothesis that is both testable and falsifiable. In research, a hypothesis must define variables that can be measured. In option A, intelligence can be measured using IQ tests and memory can be measured through recall tests. This makes the statement testable. Furthermore, it is refutable because if a study finds a group of intelligent people with poor memory, the hypothesis is proven wrong. Options B and C are existential statements starting with some. These are logically impossible to refute because you can never prove that no dishonest businessman exists anywhere in the world. Option D is considered a universal logical truth or an analytical statement rather than a scientific hypothesis that can be tested or refuted through empirical observation.