In which of the following countries will the no confidence motion to bring down the government passed by the legislature be valid only when the legislature is able to find simultaneously a majority to elect a successor government?

The correct answer is Germany because of a unique constitutional feature known as the Constructive Vote of No Confidence. This provision is found in Article 67 of the German Basic Law. Under this system, the Bundestag, which is the lower house of the German parliament, cannot dismiss the Federal Chancellor simply by expressing a lack of confidence. To remove the incumbent, the legislature must simultaneously elect a successor by a majority of its members. The primary purpose of this mechanism is to ensure political stability and prevent the frequent government collapses that occurred during the Weimar Republic. It ensures that a government is not voted out unless there is already a stable alternative majority ready to take over, thereby avoiding leadership vacuums. While France, Italy, and Portugal have mechanisms for no-confidence motions, they do not require the simultaneous election of a successor for the motion to be valid.