UPSC Prelims 2003·GS1·history·modern history

With reference to Indian freedom struggle, which one of the following statements is correct?

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  1. AThe Rowlatt Act aroused a wave of popular indignation and led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
  2. BSubhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc
  3. CBhagat Singh was one of the founders of Hindustan Republican Socialist AssociationCorrect
  4. DIn 1931, the Congress Session at Karachi opposed Gandhi Irwin pact

Explanation

The correct answer is C. Let's analyze each statement: A) The Rowlatt Act around a wave of popular indignation and red to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. This statement contains grammatical errors ("around" instead of "aroused", "red" instead of "led"). Assuming these are typos, the historical sequence is largely correct: the Rowlatt Act did arouse popular indignation, and the protests against it (and subsequent martial law) led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. However, due to the clear grammatical flaws, it's not the most accurate statement. B) Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Blood. This statement contains a factual error due to a typo. Subhash Chandra Bose formed the 'Forward Bloc' in 1939, not 'Forward Blood'. C) Bhagat Singh was one of the founders of Hindustan Republican Socialist Association. This statement is correct. The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was founded in 1924. In 1928, under the influence of Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and others, the organization was reorganized and renamed the Hindustan Republican Socialist Association (HRSA), reflecting their adoption of socialist ideals. Bhagat Singh was a key figure in this transformation and a prominent founder of the HRSA. D) In 1931, the Congress Session at Karachi opposed Gandhi Irwin pact. This statement is incorrect. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931. The Karachi Session of the Congress, held later that month, actually ratified the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, although it also passed significant resolutions on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Policy. Therefore, statement C is the only unequivocally correct and accurately phrased statement.
history: With reference to Indian freedom struggle, which one of the following statements is correct?

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