UPSC Prelims 2010·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

Other than Jatropha curcas, why is Pongamia pinnata also considered a good option for the production of biodiesel in India? 1. Pongamia pinnata grows naturally in most of the arid regions of India.

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Last updated 23 May 2026, 3:31 pm IST
  1. A1 only
  2. B2 only
  3. CBoth 1 and 2Correct
  4. DNeither 1 nor 2

Explanation

The correct answer is C because both statements accurately describe the characteristics of Pongamia pinnata, also known as Karanja. Statement 1 is correct because Pongamia pinnata is a hardy, nitrogen-fixing tree that grows naturally across a wide range of agro-climatic zones in India, including arid and semi-arid regions. It can survive in poor soils and harsh conditions where other crops might fail. Statement 2 is correct because the seeds of Pongamia pinnata have a high oil content, typically ranging from 30 to 40 percent. This oil is rich in fatty acids, making it a viable and efficient feedstock for conversion into biodiesel through the process of transesterification.
geography: Other than Jatropha curcas, why is Pongamia pinnata also considered a good option for the production of biodiesel in Ind
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