What are the possible limitations of India in mitigating the global warming at present and in the immediate future? 1. Appropriate alternate technologies are not sufficiently available. 2. India cannot invest huge funds in research and development. 3. Many developed countries have already set up their polluting industries in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The correct answer is A because statements 1 and 2 accurately reflect Indias current socio-economic and technical constraints. Statement 1 is correct because transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires advanced technologies like high-efficiency solar cells, green hydrogen, and carbon capture, which are either still in development globally or not yet commercially viable and accessible in India at a large scale. Statement 2 is correct because as a developing nation, India has limited fiscal space. It must prioritize immediate socio-economic challenges such as poverty alleviation, food security, and infrastructure over the massive long-term investments required for high-end climate research and development. Statement 3 is incorrect because while some industrial relocation occurs, it is not a primary or systemic limitation preventing India from mitigating global warming. Indias emissions are largely driven by its own domestic developmental needs, energy demand, and reliance on coal, rather than being a passive host for the developed worlds polluting industries.