What was the reason for Mahatma Gandhi to organize a satyagraha on behalf of the peasants of Kheda? 1. The Administration did not suspend the land revenue collection in spite of a drought. 2. The Administration proposed to introduce Permanent Settlement in Gujarat. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The Kheda Satyagraha (1918) was organized by Mahatma Gandhi because the peasants of Kheda district in Gujarat were facing severe crop failure due to drought and plague. Despite this, the British administration insisted on collecting the full land revenue. According to the Land Revenue Code, if the crop yield was less than one-fourth of the normal produce, the farmers were entitled to a remission of revenue. The government, however, refused to grant this concession. Gandhi, along with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, organized the satyagraha demanding the suspension of revenue collection. Statement 1: "The Administration did not suspend the land revenue collection in spite of a drought." This accurately describes the primary reason for the Kheda Satyagraha. The peasants were unable to pay due to crop failure, and the government refused to provide relief. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Statement 2: "The Administration proposed to introduce Permanent Settlement in Gujarat." The Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha in 1793. It was not a system proposed for introduction in Gujarat during Gandhi's time. The issue in Kheda was about the collection of existing revenue during a period of distress, not the introduction of a new land revenue system. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Therefore, only statement 1 is correct.