Which of the following is/are the characteristic/characteristics of Indian coal? 1. High ash content 2. Low sulphur content 3. Low ash fusion temperature Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

The correct answer is A) 1 and 2 only. Let's break down why:

High ash content: Indian coal is known for its relatively high ash content. This is a significant drawback as it reduces the calorific value and creates handling/disposal issues.

Low sulphur content: Indian coal generally has a low sulphur content compared to coal found in countries like the USA or Europe. This is environmentally beneficial as it reduces the risk of acid rain and simplifies pollution control measures.

Low ash fusion temperature: This statement is incorrect. Indian coal typically has a high ash fusion temperature. A high ash fusion temperature is desirable as it prevents clinkering (formation of hard masses) during combustion, which can damage power plant equipment.

Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 accurately describe the characteristics of Indian coal. Option A is the correct choice.

Why other options are incorrect:

B) 2 only: Incorrect because Indian coal also has high ash content.

C) 1 and 3 only: Incorrect because ash fusion temperature is high, not low.

D) 1, 2 and 3: Incorrect because statement 3 is false.