The 'Swadeshi' and 'Boycott' were adopted as methods of struggle for the first time during the

The methods of 'Swadeshi' (self-reliance, promoting indigenous goods) and 'Boycott' (boycotting foreign goods, institutions, etc.) were adopted as potent forms of struggle for the first time during the agitation against the Partition of Bengal in 1905. Lord Curzon's decision to partition Bengal sparked widespread protests. The Indian nationalists, realizing the need for new methods of protest beyond prayers and petitions, adopted Swadeshi and Boycott as powerful tools to exert economic pressure on the British and awaken nationalist consciousness among the masses. These methods became central to the nascent national movement and later influenced subsequent agitations.