The main threat to maintaining progress in human development comes from the increasingly evident unsustainability of production and consumption patterns. Current production models rely heavily on fossil fuels. We now know that this is unsustainable because the resources are finite. The close link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions needs to be severed for human development to become truly sustainable. Some developed countries have begun to alleviate the worst effects by expanding recycling and investing in public transport and infrastructure. But most developing countries are hampered by the high costs and low availability of clean energy sources. Developed countries need to support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development. Consider the following statements: Developed countries can support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development by 1. making clean energy sources available at low cost 2. providing loans for improving their public transport at nominal interest rates 3. encouraging them to change their production and consumption patterns Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

The passage explicitly states, "But most developing countries are hampered by the high costs and low availability of clean energy sources. Developed countries need to support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development." Statement 1: "making clean energy sources available at low cost" directly addresses the "high costs and low availability of clean energy sources" mentioned as a hindrance for developing countries. This is a direct form of support derived from the text. Statement 2: "providing loans for improving their public transport at nominal interest rates" is not explicitly mentioned in the passage as a form of support developed countries should provide to developing countries. While investing in public transport is mentioned as something developed countries have done, the specific mechanism of "loans at nominal interest rates" for developing countries' public transport is not stated. The passage primarily highlights clean energy as the area needing support for developing countries. Statement 3: "encouraging them to change their production and consumption patterns" is a general action. While changing patterns is crucial for sustainability, the passage focuses on providing tangible support to overcome specific hurdles (like the cost and availability of clean energy) for developing countries, rather than just encouragement. The text implies a need for enabling change through resources, not just urging them to change. Therefore, only statement 1 is directly and explicitly supported by the given passage as a way developed countries can support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development. The final answer is A