UPSC Mains GEOGRAPHY-PAPER-II 2025

27 Questions • 400 Marks • With Detailed Model Answers

1
20 Marks30 Wordseasy

On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the location of all of the following. Write in your QCA Booklet the significance of these locations, whether physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/cultural, in not more than 30 words for each entry:

  1. Rushikulya River
  2. Datar Hill
  3. Kikruma
  4. Choritand Tillaya
  5. Byalalu
  6. Neyyar
  7. Uttarlai
  8. Sri Vijayapuram
  9. Dharwas
  10. Gitabitan
GeographyEconomyEnvironment
2
10 Marksmedium

Referring to the location and physical formation of karewas, highlight their economic significance.

GeographyEconomy
3
10 Marksmedium

How does Himalayan ecosystem regulate the cropping pattern and agricultural activities in Himalayan region of India? Discuss.

EnvironmentAgricultureGeography
4
10 Markshard

Write a critically argued essay on nautical tourism and its infrastructure in India.

TourismEconomyInfrastructure
5
20 Marksmedium

Explain the factors which contribute to the growth of India's pharmaceutical industry with specific reference to its concentration in western region of India.

EconomyIndustryGeography
6
15 Marksmedium

Why are coral reefs in India most important with respect to its dynamic ecosystem? Explore.

EnvironmentEcologyGeography
7
15 Markshard

How does the agricultural sector of India confront with the contemporary physical and politico-economic changes in the different regions of the country? Elucidate.

AgricultureEconomyEnvironment+1
8
20 Marksmedium

Why is the pattern of population distribution of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes different in India? Compare their socio-economic problems with examples.

Social IssuesDemographyEconomy
9
15 Marksmedium

Highlight the characteristics of land utilisation in Eastern Ghats region of India. What are the recent threats to land utilisation method in the region?

GeographyEnvironmentAgriculture
10
15 Marksmedium

What are the challenges of dairy sector in India? Describe the contribution of bovine population.

AgricultureEconomyLivestock
11
20 Markshard

"Socio-political landscape in India is a result of regional consciousness creating inter-state disputes." Discuss with region specific examples.

PoliticsSocietyGeography
12
15 Marksmedium

Why cottage industries in India are an integral part of Indian socio-economic structure? Assess this with reference to different types of cottage industries in rural India.

EconomySocietyIndustry
13
15 Marksmedium

"The rural settlements in India are highly diversified due to both physical and cultural factors." Justify the statement with examples.

GeographySocietyCulture
14
10 Marksmedium

How can rural-urban fringe be delineated? Explain with suitable examples from India.

GeographyUrban PlanningSociety
15
10 Marksmedium

"Spatial distribution of religious groups in India does not show any specific pattern." Illustrate with arguments.

SocietyGeographyDemography
16
10 Marksmedium

"Watershed is the most appropriate spatial unit for planning." Comment.

EnvironmentGeographyPlanning
17
10 Marksmedium

Is North East India a geo-political or geo-cultural region? Justify your answer.

GeographyPoliticsCulture
18
10 Markseasy

Discuss the necessary conditions for the cultivation of fox nuts and describe the areas of its production in India.

AgricultureGeographyEconomy
19
20 Marksmedium

Describe the causes of the phenomenon of 'urban heat island'. What are the effective measures to deal with this phenomenon in India?

EnvironmentUrban PlanningGeography
20
15 Markshard

With reference to the transport and communication network of India, critically discuss the Sagarmala project.

InfrastructureEconomyTransport+1
21
15 Marksmedium

What are the key features of sex-ratio of population in India? Evaluate the impacts of child sex-ratio on general sex-ratio in the country.

DemographySocial IssuesGender
22
20 Markshard

Explain the factors that contribute to droughts in India with specific reference to food production, distribution and availability. Can Indian agricultural policies resolve the issue?

EnvironmentAgricultureEconomy+1
23
15 Markshard

What are the causes and consequences of land degradation due to desertification in India? Examine with reference to various regional issues.

EnvironmentGeographyAgriculture
24
15 Markshard

Examine the validity of Blue Economy initiatives of India. Elaborate the impacts of this economy on country's development.

EconomyEnvironmentPolicy+1
25
20 Marksmedium

While defining the green architecture, discuss its principles and challenges in response to climate change in India.

EnvironmentUrban PlanningArchitecture+1
26
15 Marksmedium

With reference to typical examples, assess why regional planning in India is important for island territories for their sustainable development.

PlanningGeographyEnvironment+1
27
15 Marksmedium

With reference to international boundaries of India, discuss the related issues, giving suitable examples.

GeographyPoliticsInternational Relations