Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(a) Describe the symmetry elements shown by the normal class of the orthorhombic system. What are the different forms for this class? Draw the sketch stereogram of the form {hkl}. Give examples of two minerals that crystallize in this system.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(b) Discuss in brief the characteristic optical properties of hornblende and augite under petrological microscope.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(c) Draw a neat labelled diagram for perthite texture. Explain the formation of perthite with the help of a suitable phase diagram.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(d) With the help of diagrams, describe the various diagenetic textures of carbonate rocks.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(e) Describe ultrahigh-pressure and ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism.
Give a detailed account related to the classification of crystals into different crystallographic systems based on symmetry elements.
Describe the structure of the pyroxene group of minerals with suitable diagrams. Discuss the chemical compositions and optical properties of orthopyroxene.
Describe the structural classification of silicates with neat sketches. Give one example for each type.
What are migmatites? Describe the important types of migmatites and the processes of their formation.
Draw a neat labelled sketch for the albite-anorthite phase diagram (1 atm, dry). Trace the course of crystallization of an initial melt Ab20-An80 within this system. How can you interpret zoning in plagioclase with this system?
Briefly write on the characteristics of I, S, M and A type granites. Elucidate the petrographic and petrogenetic attributes for each type.
Write a brief account on the Deccan Flood Basalt Volcanism in India.
Discuss the genesis of any four sedimentary structures which are helpful in palaeocurrent analysis. How are the palaeocurrent patterns helpful in establishing the depositional environment?
Discuss the concept of facies model and give a brief account of deltaic facies model.
What are conglomerates? Describe their fabrics, classification and geological significance.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(a) What do you understand by metallogenic epochs and provinces? Discuss any two major metallogenies in India.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(b) Discuss the mode of occurrence, origin and distribution of gold deposits in India.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(c) What do you understand by ‘pathfinder' elements? What are the elements/ions used in the prospecting of sulphides of epigenetic origin, porphyry copper deposit and sulphide deposits in general?
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(d) Define gravitation. What are the corrections necessary to obtain the absolute value of gravity (g) while using gravity method in mineral exploration?
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(e) What are the major components of chondrites? Discuss the mineralogical and textural features, and significance of chondrites.
Give an account of geology, mode of occurrence, genesis and distribution of Pb-Zn deposits of Aravalli region.
Give the distribution of petroliferous basins of India. Discuss the geology of Cambay Basin.
Give a brief account on the volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit. Cite suitable Indian examples.
Discuss the direct and indirect geochemical methods used for prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits.
What are the physiological and morphological changes of the plants helpful in geobotanical prospecting of copper, manganese and uranium deposits? Add a note on commonly found plant indicators for zinc.
What do you understand by 'tonnage factor'? Discuss the geometric and graphic methods used in reserve calculation.
What do you understand by isomorphism and polymorphism? Discuss monotropy by citing example of diamond and graphite.
What are the most important conditions necessary for safe disposal of radioactive waste in geological repositories? Add a note on the concept of multiple barriers to protect biosphere and hydrosphere. (Give suitable diagrams wherever necessary.)
What are the major environmental considerations while treating with the disseminated precious metal mine waste?