Which one of the following defines extremist ideology during the early phase of Indian freedom movement?

The correct answer is B because it accurately captures the fundamental shift in political strategy introduced by the extremist leaders like Lal, Bal, and Pal. Unlike the Moderates, who relied on the policy of three Ps—Prayers, Petitions, and Protests—the Extremists believed that political rights could not be obtained through constitutional appeals to the British government. They advocated for self-reliance and the use of more forceful methods such as mass mobilization, boycotts, and passive resistance to achieve Swaraj or self-rule. While options A and C were indeed parts of their program, they were specific tools or methods used to achieve the larger goal of self-government through aggressive political action. Option D is incorrect as the Extremists focused on mass movements rather than military coups or underground revolts.