According to the Constitution of India, which of the following are fundamental for the governance of the country?

The correct answer is (c) Directive Principles of State Policy. While Fundamental Rights and Duties are crucial, the Constitution explicitly states that Directive Principles are fundamental in the governance of the country, even if not legally enforceable. Article 37 of the Constitution states that these principles are 'not enforceable by any court' but 'shall be applicable to the making of laws'. They aim to create a welfare state. Why other options are incorrect: (a) Fundamental Rights: These are important, but they primarily protect citizens *from* the state. They don't, in themselves, define the overall governance framework. (b) Fundamental Duties: These were added later (42nd Amendment) and are meant to complement Fundamental Rights, but are not fundamental *for* governance in the same way as DPSP. (d) Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties: While both are important components of the Constitution, they don't collectively define the fundamental basis of governance as comprehensively as the DPSP. The DPSP lay down the socio-economic objectives that the state should strive to achieve, guiding policy-making and legislation. They represent the positive obligations of the state towards its citizens.