Tides occur in the oceans and seas due to which among the following? 1. Gravitational force of the Sun 2. Gravitational force of the Moon 3. Centrifugal force of the Earth Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun, and the rotation of the Earth. All three factors contribute to the phenomenon of tides:

1. Gravitational force of the Sun: The Sun's gravitational pull, though weaker than the Moon's due to its greater distance, still exerts a significant influence on Earth's tides. When the Sun, Moon, and Earth align (during new moon and full moon), their combined gravitational pull creates stronger 'spring tides'. When they are at right angles (during quarter moons), they create weaker 'neap tides'.
2. Gravitational force of the Moon: The Moon is the primary cause of tides. Its gravitational pull creates a bulge of water on the side of Earth closest to it. On the opposite side, a similar bulge occurs because the Earth itself is pulled towards the Moon more strongly than the water on the far side, leaving the water behind.
3. Centrifugal force of the Earth: As the Earth and Moon revolve around their common center of mass, a centrifugal force is generated. This force pushes water outwards from the center of rotation. On the side of the Earth opposite to the Moon, this centrifugal force, combined with the weaker gravitational pull of the Moon, contributes to the formation of the tidal bulge. Therefore, all three forces collectively cause the tides in oceans and seas.