With reference to the difference between the culture of Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley people, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of mail and helmet in warfare whereas the people of Indus Valley Civilization did not leave any evidence of using them. 2. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and iron. 3. Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley people having been aware of this animal. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Statement 1 is correct: Archaeological evidence and textual analysis of the Rigveda suggest that Rigvedic Aryans, known for their martial culture, used protective gear like coats of mail (armour) and helmets in warfare. In contrast, the archaeological findings from the Indus Valley Civilization do not provide significant evidence of such elaborate defensive war equipment, indicating a possible difference in their military organization or focus. Statement 2 is incorrect: Rigvedic Aryans were indeed familiar with gold, silver, and copper. The Indus Valley people also knew and used gold, silver, and copper (as evidenced by numerous artifacts including bronze tools and ornaments). However, the critical error in this statement is the claim that Indus Valley people knew 'iron'. Iron was not known to the Indus Valley Civilization; its widespread use in India emerged much later, around 1000 BCE, associated with the Later Vedic period. Statement 3 is correct: The horse is central to the Rigvedic culture, featuring prominently in their hymns and associated with their migrations and warfare. Archaeological evidence from Vedic sites confirms the domestication of horses. In contrast, concrete evidence of the horse in the Indus Valley Civilization is sparse and highly debated among scholars, with most concluding that it was either unknown or not a significant animal to them. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct.