Which of the following has/have occurred in India after its liberalization of economic policies in 1991? 1. Share of agriculture in GDP increased enormously. 2. Share of India's exports in world trade increased. 3. FDI inflows increased. 4. India's foreign exchange reserves increased enormously. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- A1 and 4 only
- B2, 3 and 4 onlyCorrect
- C2 and 3 only
- D1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
Let's analyze the impact of India's economic liberalization policies, initiated in 1991, on the given statements:
-
Share of agriculture in GDP increased enormously: This statement is incorrect. Post-liberalization, India's economic growth largely shifted towards the services and industrial sectors. Consequently, the share of agriculture in the country's GDP has steadily declined over the decades, reflecting a structural transformation of the economy. It did not increase enormously; rather, it relatively decreased.
-
Share of India's exports in world trade increased: This statement is correct. With economic liberalization, India opened up its economy, integrated more with global markets, and relaxed trade barriers. This led to a significant increase in India's exports and a rise in its share of global trade, though still a relatively small percentage compared to its potential.
-
FDI inflows increased: This statement is correct. A key component of the 1991 reforms was to liberalize policies regarding Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Easing restrictions and creating a more investor-friendly environment led to a substantial increase in FDI inflows into various sectors of the Indian economy.
-
India's foreign exchange reserves increased enormously: This statement is correct. The increased FDI inflows, higher exports, and a generally more stable and growing economy contributed to a significant accumulation of foreign exchange reserves. This helped India overcome the balance of payments crisis that partly triggered the 1991 reforms and provided greater economic stability.
Based on this analysis, statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct.

Related questions
More UPSC Prelims practice from the same subject and topic.
- Prelims 2017GS1economy
'Recognition of Prior Learning Scheme' is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to A) Certifying the skills acquired by construction workers through traditional channels. B) Enrolling the per…
- Prelims 2017GS1economy
It is possible to produce algae based biofuels, but what is/are the likely limitation(s) of developing countries in promoting this industry? 1. Production of algae based biofuels is possible in seas o…
- Prelims 2017GS1economy
Consider the following statements: 1. The Standard Mark of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is mandatory for automotive tyres and tubes. 2. AGMARK is a quality Certification Mark issued by the Food an…
- Prelims 2017GS1economy
What is/are the advantage/advantages of implementing the 'National Agriculture Market' scheme? 1. It is a pan-India electronic trading portal for agricultural commodities. 2. It provides the farmers a…
- Prelims 2017GS1economy
With reference to 'National Investment and Infrastructure Fund', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is an organ of NITI Aayog. 2. It has a corpus of ₹4,00,000 crore at present. Se…
- Prelims 2017GS1economy
The Global Infrastructure Facility is a/an