UPSC Prelims 2021·CSAT·Logical Reasoning·Deductive Logic

Consider two Statements and a Question: Statement 1: Each of A and D is heavier than each of B, E and F, but none of them is the- heaviest. Statement 2: A is heavier than D, but is lighter than C. Question: Who is the heaviest among A,B,C, D and E? Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Statements and the Question?

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  1. AStatement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
  2. BStatement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question
  3. CBoth Statement-1 and Statement-2 are required to answer the QuestionCorrect
  4. DNeither Statement-1 alone nor Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

Explanation

The question asks to identify the heaviest person among A, B, C, D, and E.

Let's analyze each statement:

Statement 1: "Each of A and D is heavier than each of B, E and F, but none of them is the heaviest." From this:

  1. A > B, E, F
  2. D > B, E, F
  3. Neither A nor D is the heaviest among all the people mentioned or implied (A, B, C, D, E, F, and potentially others). This statement tells us that B and E cannot be the heaviest because A and D are heavier than them. It also tells us that A and D cannot be the heaviest. So, from the list (A, B, C, D, E), only C remains as a potential heaviest person. However, Statement 1 does not provide any information about C's weight relative to A or D. It's possible that C is lighter than A, and some unknown person 'X' (not in the list A, B, C, D, E) is the heaviest. For example, X > A > D > C > B > E. In this scenario, Statement 1 holds true, but C is not the heaviest. Therefore, Statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.

Statement 2: "A is heavier than D, but is lighter than C." From this:

  1. A > D
  2. C > A Combining these, we get: C > A > D. This statement tells us that C is heavier than A and D. However, it provides no information about B and E. It's possible that B or E could be heavier than C. For example, B > C > A > D. In this scenario, B would be the heaviest. Therefore, Statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient.

Now, let's combine both Statement 1 and Statement 2: From Statement 2: C > A > D. From Statement 1: A > B and A > E (since A is heavier than B, E, F). Combining these facts: Since C > A, and A > B, it implies C > B. Since C > A, and A > E, it implies C > E. We already know C > A and C > D from Statement 2. Therefore, by combining both statements, we can conclude that C is heavier than A, B, D, and E. The phrase "none of them is the heaviest" in Statement 1 (referring to A and D) is consistent with C being the heaviest, as C is not A or D. Thus, C is the heaviest among A, B, C, D, and E.

Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are required to answer the question.

The final answer is $\boxed{C}$

Logical Reasoning: Consider two Statements and a Question: Statement 1: Each of A and D is heavier than each of B, E and F, but none of the

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