UPSC Prelims 2021·CSAT·Logical Reasoning·Deductive Logic

A Statement followed by Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II is given below, You have to take the Statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusion(s) logically follows/follows from the Statement, disregarding the commonly known facts. Statement: Some cats are almirahs. Some almirahs are chairs. All chairs are tables. Conclusion-I: Certainly some almirahs are tables. Conclusion-II: Some cats may not be chairs

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  1. AOnly Conclusion-I
  2. BOnly Conclusion-II
  3. CBoth Conclusion-I and Conclusion-IICorrect
  4. DNeither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II

Explanation

The statement and conclusions are analyzed based on the rules of syllogism, disregarding common knowledge. Statement Analysis: 1. Some cats are almirahs. (Partial overlap between Cats and Almirahs) 2. Some almirahs are chairs. (Partial overlap between Almirahs and Chairs) 3. All chairs are tables. (Chairs are entirely contained within Tables) Conclusion-I: Certainly some almirahs are tables. From statement 2: Some almirahs are chairs. From statement 3: All chairs are tables. If some almirahs are chairs, and all chairs are tables, then those specific almirahs that are chairs must also be tables. Therefore, it is certain that some almirahs are tables. Conclusion-I logically follows. Conclusion-II: Some cats may not be chairs. This conclusion means "It is possible that some cats are not chairs." From statement 1: Some cats are almirahs. From statement 2: Some almirahs are chairs. There is no direct or indirect definite link established between 'Cats' and 'Chairs' that would force all cats to be chairs. The statements only indicate partial overlaps between Cats and Almirahs, and Almirahs and Chairs. It is entirely possible to draw a Venn diagram where the set of 'Cats' and the set of 'Chairs' do not overlap at all, or only partially overlap, meaning some cats are not chairs. Since "All cats are chairs" cannot be definitively concluded from the given statements, the possibility that "Some cats may not be chairs" is valid. Conclusion-II logically follows as a possibility. Since both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II logically follow from the given statements, option C is the correct answer. The final answer is C
Logical Reasoning: A Statement followed by Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II is given below, You have to take the Statement to be true even if

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