UPSC Prelims 2021·CSAT·Logical Reasoning·Deductive Logic

A Statement followed by Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II is given below. You have to take the Statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusion(s) logically follows/follows from the statement, disregarding the commonly known facts. Statement: Some radios are mobiles. All mobiles are computers. Some computers are watches. Conclusion I: Certainly some radios are watches. Conclusion II: Certainly some mobiles are watches. Which one of the following is correct?

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  1. AOnly Conclusion - I
  2. BOnly Conclusion - II
  3. CBoth Conclusion-I and Conclusion - II
  4. DNeither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion - IICorrect

Explanation

The problem requires us to determine which conclusions logically follow from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts. Statement Analysis: 1. Some radios are mobiles. (R some M) 2. All mobiles are computers. (M all C) 3. Some computers are watches. (C some W) Conclusion I: Certainly some radios are watches. From statements (1) and (2): Some radios are mobiles. All mobiles are computers. This implies that "Some radios are computers." (If some R are M, and all M are C, then those R that are M must also be C). Now we have: Some radios are computers. (R some C) Some computers are watches. (C some W) From "Some A are B" and "Some B are C," we cannot certainly conclude "Some A are C." The overlap between R and C, and the overlap between C and W, might not involve any common elements between R and W. For example, the computers that are radios could be different from the computers that are watches. Therefore, Conclusion I does not certainly follow. Conclusion II: Certainly some mobiles are watches. From statements (2) and (3): All mobiles are computers. (M all C) Some computers are watches. (C some W) From "All A are B" and "Some B are C," we cannot certainly conclude "Some A are C." The computers that are watches might be precisely those computers that are NOT mobiles. For example, if all mobiles are computers, and some computers (e.g., desktop computers) are watches, it doesn't mean any mobiles (e.g., smartphones) are watches. Therefore, Conclusion II does not certainly follow. Since neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II certainly follows from the given statements, the correct option is D. The final answer is D) Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion - II
Logical Reasoning: A Statement followed by Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II is given below. You have to take the Statement to be true even if

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