UPSC Prelims 2021·GS1·geography·ecology and environment

Consider the following statements : 1. Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree. 2. Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia. 3. In India, most of the tamarind is collected as minor forest produce. 4. India exports tamarind and seeds of moringa. 5. Seeds of moringa and tamarind can be used in the production of biofuels. Which of the statements given above are correct?

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  1. A1, 2, 4 and 5
  2. B3, 4 and 5Correct
  3. C1, 3 and 4
  4. D1, 2, 3 and 5

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: Moringa (Moringa oleifera), commonly known as the drumstick tree, is not a leguminous tree. It belongs to the family Moringaceae. While it can be evergreen in tropical climates, it can also be deciduous in regions with dry seasons. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) is native to tropical Africa, not South Asia. It was introduced to South Asia and is now widely cultivated there. Statement 3 is correct: In India, tamarind is widely found in forests and is a significant Non-Timber Forest Produce (NTFP). It is extensively collected by local and tribal communities, making it a key component of minor forest produce. Statement 4 is correct: India is one of the largest producers and consumers of both tamarind and moringa products. India exports significant quantities of tamarind (as pulp, concentrate) and moringa products (leaves, powder, seeds) to various countries. Statement 5 is correct: Both moringa seeds and tamarind seeds contain oils and other compounds that have potential for biofuel production. Moringa oil (from seeds) can be converted into biodiesel, and tamarind seed oil or other biomass from the plant can also be explored for biofuel applications.
geography: Consider the following statements : 1. Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree. 2. Tamarind tree is ende

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