UPSC Prelims 2019·GS1·history·ancient history

With reference to forced labour (Vishti) in India during the Gupta period, which one of the following statements is correct?

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  1. AIt was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people.Correct
  2. BIt was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar regions of the Gupta Empire.
  3. CThe forced labourer was entitled to weekly wages.
  4. DThe eldest son of the labourer was sent as the forced labourer.

Explanation

During the Gupta period, 'Vishti' referred to forced labour, a common practice where individuals, particularly the Shudras and various artisans, were compelled to work for the state without remuneration. This unpaid labour was indeed considered a significant source of income for the State, functioning as a form of tax or tribute extracted from the populace. It helped in the construction of public works, military activities, and other state needs, without requiring the state to expend its monetary resources. Option B is incorrect because forced labour (Vishti) was prevalent across various parts of the Gupta Empire, including regions like Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar. Option C is incorrect as the very definition of 'Vishti' implies unpaid labour; forced labourers were generally not entitled to weekly wages. Option D is incorrect; there is no historical evidence to suggest that only the eldest son was specifically designated for forced labour.
history: With reference to forced labour (Vishti) in India during the Gupta period, which one of the following statements is corr

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