UPSC Prelims 2023·GS1·geography·climatology

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The temperature contrast between continents and oceans is greater during summer than in winter. Statement-II: The specific heat of water is more than that of land surface. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

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  1. ABoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
  2. BBoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
  3. CStatement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
  4. DStatement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correctCorrect

Explanation

Statement-I is incorrect. The temperature contrast between continents and oceans is actually greater during winter, not summer. In winter, land cools rapidly to sub-zero temperatures while oceans retain warmth due to water's high specific heat, creating a large temperature difference. In summer, while land heats up faster, the contrast is comparatively less extreme. Statement-II is correct. Water has a higher specific heat capacity (approximately 4.2 J/g°C) compared to land surfaces (approximately 0.8 J/g°C). This means water requires more energy to change temperature, causing oceans to heat and cool more slowly than land. Since Statement-I is incorrect and Statement-II is correct, the answer is (d).
geography: Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The temperature contrast between continents and oceans is greater during

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